US spending on personal health care and public health, 1996–2013
Published December 27, 2016, in JAMA (opens in a new window)
Abstract
US health care spending has continued to increase, and now accounts for more than 17% of the US economy. Despite the size and growth of this spending, little is known about how spending on each condition varies by age and across time.
Objective
To systematically and comprehensively estimate US spending on personal health care and public health, according to condition, age and sex group, and type of care.
DESIGN AND SETTING
Government budgets, insurance claims, facility surveys, household surveys, and official US records from 1996 through 2013 were collected and combined. In total, 183 sources of data were used to estimate spending for 155 conditions (including cancer, which was disaggregated into 29 conditions). For each record, spending was extracted, along with the age and sex of the patient, and the type of care. Spending was adjusted to reflect the health condition treated, rather than the primary diagnosis.
EXPOSURES
Encounter with US health care system.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
National spending estimates stratified by condition, age and sex group, and type of care.
RESULTS
From 1996 through 2013, $30.1 trillion of personal health care spending was disaggregated by 155 conditions, age and sex group, and type of care. Among these 155 conditions, diabetes had the highest health care spending in 2013, with an estimated $101.4 billion (uncertainty interval [UI], $96.7 billion–$106.5 billion) in spending, including 57.6% (UI, 53.8%–62.1%) spent on pharmaceuticals and 23.5% (UI, 21.7%–25.7%) spent on ambulatory care. Ischemic heart disease accounted for the second-highest amount of health care spending in 2013, with estimated spending of $88.1 billion (UI, $82.7 billion–$92.9 billion), and low back and neck pain accounted for the third-highest amount, with estimated health care spending of $87.6 billion (UI, $67.5 billion–$94.1 billion). The conditions with the highest spending levels varied by age, sex, type of care, and year. Personal health care spending increased for 143 of the 155 conditions from 1996 through 2013. Spending on low back and neck pain and on diabetes increased the most over the 18 years, by an estimated $57.2 billion (UI, $47.4 billion–$64.4 billion) and $64.4 billion (UI, $57.8 billion–$70.7 billion), respectively. From 1996 through 2013, spending on emergency care and retail pharmaceuticals increased at the fastest rates (6.4% [UI, 6.4%–6.4%] and 5.6% [UI, 5.6%–5.6%] annual growth rate, respectively), which were higher than annual rates for spending on inpatient care (2.8% [UI, 2.8%–2.8%] and nursing facility care (2.5% [UI, 2.5%–2.5%]).
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
Modeled estimates of US spending on personal health care and public health showed substantial increases from 1996 through 2013; with spending on diabetes, ischemic heart disease, and low back and neck pain accounting for the highest amounts of spending by disease category. The rate of change in annual spending varied considerably among different conditions and types of care. This information may have implications for efforts to control US health care spending.
Citation
Dieleman JL, Baral R, Birger M, et al. US spending on personal health care and public health, 1996–2013. JAMA. 2016 Dec 17.
Authors
- Joseph Dieleman,
- Christopher J.L. Murray,
- Theo Vos,
- Ranju Baral,
- Maxwell Birger,
- Anthony Bui,
- Anne Bulchis,
- Abby Chapin,
- Hannah Hamavid,
- Cody Horst,
- Elizabeth Johnson,
- Jonathan Joseph,
- Rouselle Lavado,
- Liya Lomsadze,
- Alex Reynolds,
- Ellen Squires,
- Madeline Campbell,
- Brendan DeCenso,
- Daniel Dicker,
- Abraham Flaxman,
- Rose Gabert,
- Mohsen Naghavi,
- Noelle Nightingale,
- Tara Templin,
- Martin Tobias
Datasets
All our datasets are housed in our data catalog, the Global Health Data Exchange (GHDx). Visit the GHDx to download data from this article.